Building construction



D. L.. CAMPBELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Jan.

Filed July 29, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l lmwmron D. L. Campbell Jan. 6. 1925.

1,522,046 D. L. CAMPBELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 29, 1922 Iuvwron D. L. Campbell Patented Jan. 6, 1925.

- -v i mueras-;Lo'wn.-ciiiviriannnfor Wmmrndmaivmona, camina.

I v BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed' July 29,

To all whom'z't may concer/a.'

Bel 'it knovfn' that I, DOUGLAS LOWE' GAMr- BELL'7V ofl the' city `of'Vinnipegg inu the Province of YManitobaa Canada, have invented certain neuT4 and useful" Improvements in Building Constructions, of which 'thewfollonh ing is the speciiication. y

-The invention relates` to improvements vin building construction and an. object of the invention is' to providelforms whereby a cement'buildii'igcan be quickly erectedg/the inner andouter'walls ofthe buil-ding Ybeing shot by utilizing what is known as a' cement gun lto apply 'the cement or gunite as itA is commercially' known.

A further object -of the' invention is to provi-de duplicate forms which vcan be Vreadily set up in proper relation,i one 'tothe other, and which after the linner wall-has been shot 4and removed for further' operations.

`A .further objectV of the invention isv t0 provide formswhich permit of the .effective reinforcing., bonding and tying in of'the walls and whilst permitting 'ofthe removal of the forms at theproper time.

A' further objectof Vthe invention is' 'to rovide wallV forms which i are constructed such that they provide' v'spaced cement pi llasters andLheaders', connecting vthe pilasters, in the linished wall.

Y A still further object ofthe invention is i to provide a wall construction,-.embodying .pilastersformed 1n firewall, wherein nailing cleatsare mouldediiithe'lpilastersfor carrying thev outside''. fui-ringV strips.

.A still further Vobject `of 'thefinventionl is Y to provide newV and novelm'eans'ffor spacing and fastening the wire lmesh utilized in lthe I y shot .as ai continuous operation, due care being taken to vplace reinforcements and vwall structure. Y 'YAYstillffurthenobject oftheinvention is `toIp'rOvide a-type 'of wall provide "asnewsand ,improved method .of f :constructinguand handling" forms whereby a* cementvbuilding canbe expeditiously and cheaply constructedand the forms of aunit `and.interchangeable nature andl such that `Zthey can be readily removed and 'utilized' in -further:building operation.

' '-`Withy the'ab'ove' more' important objects in -vew'the invention consistsessentially in the `arrangement,and constructionof parts here- Vsutliciently `set can be l' readily form which/can.l 4be-utilized as a floor formand generally' to 1922. Serial No.578,447'.

inafter `more particularly described and later pointed" out inthe appended claims, reference' being had to the accompanying drawing in which:

VVFig. 1 is an vexterior v'iew 'of the wall showing lthev forms which I employ.

.FiggQ is a vertical sectional view at 2 2 Fig.' 1 Vand showingathe inner cement wall and floor completed.

Fig-'Sis ahorizontal sectional view at Se-SFigure 1..

Fignfl isan enlarged detailed horizontal ysectior'ial -view through a vportion of the wall showing the spacing-strip utilized.

.Figq is air-vertical sectional view Vat 5--5 Figure 3.

"Ili'gQ-( isi an exterior vview of the wall, parts being-broken away to expose construction.

llligf7 is a vertical sectionalview through the completed. -wall,'the section being taken at 7-7 Fig. A6.

Fig. 8 is a i horizontal sectional view throughthecompleted wall,- the section being takenlat 8`8 Fig. 6.

Fig. 9k'is avperspective view-'ofthe staple and spacer which I employ.

' In the drawings like 'characters of refer,- ence indicate. corresponding parts in` the several. figures.

In the' following description ofthis inventionf'I'have' only shown and Ydescribed 'the wall construction from Vthe ground to the lirst licor as in the continuation of the wall abovefthe lirst'floor the operation is duplicated.

.The` foundation l of the building is of cement' or concrete vand' is vrpoured in the usual manner and 'thefground floor, 2 is by ,suitably spaced horizontal braces 8, 9

and l() and angularly disposed pairs of crossed bars lland 12. ,"Ihe boards 5, 6

and 7 arepositioned angularly so that the ico frame flares outwardly, this permitting of the ready withdrawal of the panels as later described.

The braces 11 and 12 are toed into the corners formed at the juncture of the horizontal braces and the side bars and 6. Each panel is a rigid st-ructure, the parts being na'iled, screwed or otherwise permanently fastened together.

lVhen the wall is to be erected the required number of panels are placed in an upright position on the foundation, the sides of the panels being spaced apart a predetermined distance sufficient to provide a space for a column or pilaster as later described. fter the panels have been set up and suitably supported by bracing I nail or otherwise Vfasten spacers 13 to the outer edges of the adjoining panel bars 5 and 6 and also nail or otherwise secure a horizontal header board lll to the top ends of the panels, this board butting the upper ends of the spacers 13. Further, I fasten a plurality of horizontally disposed tie cleats 15, 1G.- and 17 to the panels, these being nailed to the horizontal braces 8, 9 and 10. Having completed this work I then close the inner sides of the panels by nailing thereto closure sheets 18 of metal or heavy roofing paper and it is here to be particularly observed that this roofing paper does not extend across between the adjacent uprights 5 and 6.

Suitably spaced nailing blocks 19 are tacked to the inner sides of the spacers 13, these blocks having inclined sides and ends so that they will become anchored in the Concrete afterwards directed against the forms and as later described. These nailing blocks are spaced approximately 16 inches apart throughout the height of the spacers and to the nailing blocks I anchor vertically disposed metallic rods 20, to which the wire mesh 21 is tied. The wire mesh 21 passes to the inner side of the panels and is spaced from the closure plates 18 by substantially V-sha-ped metallic strips 22 fastened toyj the inner edges of the boards and 6. The shape of these strips is best shown in F ig. 4 of the drawings.

Obviously, by the above arrangement I can firmly hold the wire mesh in place as the tie wires 23 connecting the wire meshA to the rods effectively holds the mesh against the strips 22 and in spaced relationship to.

tion instead of the vertical and being supported by suitable braces as indicated at 24.

The lower edge of the wire mesh is tied to the foundation by the anchors 4 hereinbefore mentioned.

At the present time there is on the market` a machine commercially known as a cement gun and this gun is utilized foi shooting a cement composition known as gunite.

After the forms have been erected I utilize a cement gun and shoot gunite against the forms. This gunite, indicated at 25, penetrates-through the wire mesh to the sheets 18 and also through the wire mesh into the space between the adjoining boards 5 and 6 and also fills into the headers 14 above the top boards 7.

After the walls have been shot the floors are shot as a continuous operation.

In say two days timerthe forms for the wall can be removed and in approximately three days time those for the iioor can also be removed. In this connection it will be observed that after the horizontal cleats and the spacers have been removed the wall panels can be pulled out from the exterior and the floor panels from below.

The inside walls and the underside of the floor can be finished wit-h a putty coat of plaster placed directly on these surfaces, thereby finishing the interior work.

After the wall forms have been removed there is left the inner cement wall reinforced by the wire mesh, vertically extending suitably spaced cement pilasters and horizontally extending cement beams, the pilasters and beams being integrally formed with the wall. The pilasters and beams are best shown at 26 and 27 in Figures 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings.

The nailing strips 18 remain permanently anchored in the pilasters, their outer faces being exposed after the spacers 8 have been removed. The outer wall is then completed in the following way:

To the strips 19` I fasten horizontally extending furring strips 28 and to these furring strips I nail building paper 29. Out side the building paper I stretch wire mesh 30, the wire mesh being spaced from the building paper and fastened to the furring strips in any suitable manner. I have shown a convenient type of fastening and spacer in Figure 9 of the drawings, which comprises a staple 31 and a bridge strip or spacer 32, suitable end holes being provided in the strip to receive the staple and the spanner part of the strip being provided with a cross channel 33. These bridge strips and the staple are utilized in the following way:

The bridge strips are placed between the wire mesh and the furring strips, with the channels 33 receiving the horizontal strands of the wire mesh. lVhilst holding the bridge strips in this position the staples are driven into the furring strips and horizontal strands of the wire mesh are caught between the staple and the bridge strip. Obviously, this makes a very effective and convenient fastening.

The space between the building paper 29 and the inner wall is filled in with shavings or mineral wool, indicated at 34.

After the wire mesh 30 has been secured in place the outside wall is shot with gunite by utilizing the cement gun, the outer wall being indicated at 35. trates through the wire mesh 30 to the building paper 29 and entirely encloses the wire mesh which reinforces the outer wall and anchors the same to the furring strips through the staples.

The outside. wall may be stuccoed or otherwise finished to suit the taste of the owner.

From the above it will be apparent that by this improved form of construction I am able to erect the walls with much saving of time and labor and whilst having a minimum amount of wood in the finished wall and whilst providing a double wall with an air space between.

Further, I form, at the time of shooting the inner wall, cement pilasters or studs and cement headers or beams, which is a very important feature. I might also point out that as the forms are removed they can be utilized indefinitely so that there is practically no loss of material in this regard.

What I claim as my invention is:

l. In a cement wall construction, a plurality of similar upright spaced withdrawable moulding panels having outwardly The gunite peneflaring sides, vertically disposed removable spacers connecting the adjacent sides of the panels, the said spacers and panel sides serving to form vertical reinforcing columns in the moulded wall, and tie cleats detachably secured to the outer sides of the panels and crossing the same and connecting' adjoining panels.

2. In a cement wall construction, a plurality of similar upright spaced withdrawable moulding panels having outwardly flaring sides, vertically disposed removable spacers connecting the 'adjacent sides of the panels, the said spacers and panel sides forming vertical reinforcing columns in the moulded wall, and horizontally disposed suitably spaced tie cleats detachably secured to the panels and connect-ing the same together.

3. In a cement building construction, a substantially rectangular panel presenting outwardly flaring side and top boards, spaced horizontally disposed braces connecting the side boards, pairs `of crossed bars within and reinforcing the sides of the panels and closure plates attached to and enclosing the entire inner face of the panel.

4. In a cement building construction, a plurality of similar spaced substantially rectangular moulding panels having outwardly flaring sides, spacers connecting the adjacent sides of the panels and spacing strips secured to the sides of the panels and extending inwardly therefrom. l

Signed at Winnipeg this 14th day of J une 1922.

' DOUGLAS LOWE CAMPBELL.

In the presence of:

G. S. ROXBURGH, M. B. KELLEHER. 

